ney; ehfhpfk; - jkpo; %Nte;jh; gq;fspg;G

'cyfpd; ehfhpfq;fis tifg;gLj;Jk; NghJ njw;F kw;Wk; njd;fpof;F Mrpa ehLfspd; ehfhpfj;ij "ney; ehfhpfk; (Rice Culture)" vd;W $Wfpwhh;fs;. ,e;j ney; ehfhpfk; Njhd;wpaJ> tsh;e;jJ vy;yhk; jkpofj;jpNy jhd;. jkpofj;jpy; ,e;j ehfhpfk; ks;sh; ehfhpfk; vdg;gLfpwJ. jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; vy;yhk; ,e;j ehfhpfj;jpd; Njhw;wj;ijAk; ,e;j ehfhpfj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpj;jth;fs; gw;wpAk; mjd; "gz;ghLj; jiyth;fs; (Cultural Hero)" gw;wpAk; me;jg; gz;ghL gw;wpAk; tphpthfTk; ngUikAld; $Wfpd;wd.

ney; Kjypa tpj;Jf;fis fz;Lgpbj;jy; - jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lk; rq;fuehapdhh; Nfhtpy; NfhGu thry; cs;Gwk; fPo;gf;fk; cs;s fy;ntl;L tpRthtR tU~k; itfhrp khjk; 14 ehs; jpq;fl;fpoikAk; cj;jpuhlKk; ngw;w ehs; nja;Nte;jpuf; FLk;gd; gyhj;Jg;gb : Kd; Jthgu Afj;jpy; cf;fpug; ngUtOjpAk; NrhoDk; NruDk; cyfk; tWikg;gl;L ,Uf;fpd;w fhyj;jpNy nja;Nte;jpud; gf;fy; kio Nfl;fg; Nghdtplj;jpNy gfthDk; kdk; kfpo;e;J ,Uk; vd;d NruDk; NrhoDk; tzq;fpapUf;f ghz;bad; nja;Nte;jpuDlNd $bapUf;f> NjNte;jpuDk; thpir nra;jhw;Nghy ftL epidf;f. ghz;bad; Nfhgpj;J vOe;J. Njt fd;dpif kf;fs; ehY FLk;gj;jhiu ifg;gpbaha;g; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L nrd;dy; tpijAk;> fd;dy; tpijAk; (fjyp) tpijAk; gidtpijAk; Kjyhd gy tpj;Jk; xU hprgKk; xU rhtpAk; nfhz;L ékpapy; te;jhd;. ehy;thpy; Kjy;tDf;F NjNte;jpuf; FLk;gg; gl;lKk; fl;b> %d;W NgUf;F thhpad;> mf;frhiy> (,se;jhhpad;) vd;W thpirg; gl;lKk; fl;b xU ehisapNy 12000 fpzW ntl;b Ntshz;ik fz;l gbapdhNy uh[hTk; kdk; kfpo;e;J nts;shidAk; nts;is tl;lf; FilAk; NrwhbAk; gfy; ge;jk; ghthil nul;ilr; rpyk;Gk; nul;ilf; nfhLf;Fk; ed;ikf;F

16 ge;jf;fhYk; Jd;ikf;F 2 NjUk; gQ;rtd; tpUe;Jk; . . . . .

18 NksKk; fl;lisapl;L elf;fpw fhyj;jpny . . . . .

- njd;dpe;jpa Nfhapw; rhrdq;fs;/ ghfk; II vz; 863/ gf;fk; 803

Jthgu Afk; vd;gJ fp.K. 3102 f;F Kw;gl;l gy Mapuk; Mz;Lfisf; nfhz;l Cop. ney;> fUk;G> thio> gid Kjypa tpj;Jf;fisAk; ePh;g; ghrdj; njhopy; El;gj;ijAk; Kjd; Kjypy; Jthgu Afj;jpy; fz;Lgpbj;j ghz;ba Nte;jh; tk;rj;ijr; Nrh;e;j ks;sh;> FLk;gh; vDk; NjNte;jpu Fyj; jkpoh;fs; gw;wpa nra;jpia NkNy fhl;lg;gl;l fy;ntl;L $WfpwJ.

jkpo; epy tiffs; - jkpoh;fs; kf;fspd; tho;tplq;fis Ie;J tiffshfg; (jpiz) gphpj;jdh;. ,it FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy; kw;Wk; ghiy vdg;gl;lJ. FwpQ;rp epyk; vd;gJ kiyAk; kiy rhh;e;j epyKk; MFk;. Ky;iy epyk; vd;gJ fhLk; fhL rhh;e;j epyKk; MFk;. kUj epyk; vd;gJ ePh; Ntshz;ik nra;ag;gLk; taYk; tay; rhh;e;j ePh; tsk; kpFe;j epyk; MFk;. nea;jy; vd;gJ fliy xl;oa kzy; gue;j epyk; MFk;. ghiy epyk; vd;gJ FwpQ;rp epyKk; Ky;iy epyKk; kioapd;ikahYk; fjputdpd; ntg;gj;jhYk; fha;e;J tuz;L jphpe;j epyk; MFk;.

cyf ehfhpfqfs; - Mw;Wg; gs;sjhf;Ffs; kw;Wk; MW ghAk; rkntspfs; kUjepyg; gFjpfs; MFk;. cyfpd; gy ehLfspYk; ePh; tsk; kpFe;j ejpf; fiufspy; mike;j ,e;j kUj epyg; gFjpfspnyna ehfhpfq;fs; Njhd;wpAs;sd. fp.K. 3400 thf;fpy; Njhd;wpa vfpg;jpa ehfpfk; iey; ejpr; rkntsp ehfhpfk; MFk;.fp.K. 3500 thf;fpy; Njhd;wpa RNkhpa ehfhpfk; a+g;ul;B];. ilfPhP]; ejp rkntsp ehfhpfk; MFk;. fp.K. 3000 thf;fpy; Njhd;wpaJ rpe;J ejpr; rkntsp ehfhpfk; MFk;. fp.K. 1600 thf;fpy; Njhd;wpaJ rPd kQ;rs; ejpr; rkbtsp ehfhpfk; MFk;. fp.K. 2500 thf;fpy; Njhd;wpa fpNuf;f ehfhpfKk; ejpr; rkntsp ehfhpfk; MFk;. fp.K. 1000 thf;fpy; Njhd;wpaJ fq;if ejpr; rkntsp ehfhpfk; MFk;. ,g;gbg; gy ehLfspYk; ehfhpfq;fs; Njhd;wpaJ Mw;Wr; rkntspg; gFjpfshd kUj epyq;fspy; jhd;.

jkpoh; ehfhpfk; - fhtphp> njd;ngz;iz> ghyhW> gthdp> mkuhtjp> itif> jhkpuguzp nghUiz kw;Wk; fly; nfhz;l g/Wsp Mw;Wr; rkntspfshd kUj epyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa jkpoh; ehfhpfk; "ney; ehfhpfk;" vdg;gLk;;. ,e;j ney; ehfhpfj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpj;j jkpoh; ks;sh; vdg;gl;ldh;. ,e;j ney; ehfhpfk; jkpofj;jpy; Njhd;wp njd;fpof;F Mrpa ehLfSf;Fg; gutpaJ.

njhy;fhg;gpa Nte;jd; - jkpofj;jpy; kUj epyj;jpy; Kjd; Kjypy; ks;sh;fshy; ney; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;L tpistpf;fg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; FLk;gk;> Ch;. Ng&h;> efuk;> ehL> muRfs; Njhd;wpd. ney; ehfhpfj;jpd; gz;ghl;Lj; jiytd; ,e;jg; gz;ghl;bid cila kf;fSf;Fj; jiytdhdhd;. jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ekf;Ff; fpilf;f$ba kpfg; goikahd E}yhd njhy;fhg;gpak; ,e;jg; gz;ghl;Lj; jiytid Nte;jd; vdf; $WfpwJ. ,e;E}ypy; ,e;jg; gz;ghl;Lj; jiytdhd Nte;jd; flTs; epiyf;F cah;j;jg;gl;l kpfTk; tsh;r;rp mile;j epiyiaf; $WfpwJ.

Nte;jd; Nkaj; jPk;Gdy; cyfKk; - njhy;fhg;gpak; - nghUsjpfhuk;
ney; ehfhpfk; Njhd;wpa kUj epyj;jpd; flTs; Nte;jd; vdf; $WfpwJ. njhy;fhg;gpk; Njhd;wpaJ fp.K. 500 vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. Mifahy; ,e;j ney; ehfhpfk; mjw;Fk; gy E}w;whz;Lfs; Kd;dNkNa Njhd;wp ,e;epiyf;F Kjph;r;rp ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

gpd;G ney; ehfhpfj;ijjj; ekJ gz;ghlhff; nfhz;l kUj epy ks;sh;fspd; gz;ghl;Lj; jiyth;fs; gyUk; Nte;jd;-Nte;jh; vdg;gl;ldh;. ,g;gz;ghl;Lj; jiyth;fshd jkpof murh;fs; jkpo; %Nte;jh; Nru Nte;jd;> Nrho Nte;jd;> ghz;ba Nte;jd; vdg;gl;ldh;. kUj epy ,iwtdhdh (murdhd) Nte;jdpd; topj; Njhd;wy;fs; jhk; ks;sh; Fy Nru> Nrho> ghz;ba Nte;jh;fs;.

ghz;bad; Nte;jd; - ghz;bad; neLQ;nropa ks;siu Nte;jd; vd;wJk; mtDila ePz;l kjpy; nfhz;l kJiuia ky;yd; %J}h; vd;wJk; mtd; ney;ypd; kf;fspd; Fyj;ijr; rhh;e;jtd; vd;gJk; gpd;tUk; ghly;fshy; mwpayhk;.

thDl;Fk; to ePz;lkjpy;
ky;yd; %J}h; ta Nte;nj.

- GwehD}W - 18> FlGytpadhh; ghbaJ.

rPh; rhd;w cah; ney;ypd; Ch;
nfhz;l cah; nfhw;wt

- kJiuf; fhQ;rp thp 87 - 88> khq;Fo kUjdhh;.- (ghz;ba Nte;jh; jiyahyq;fhdj;Jr; nrU ntd;w ghz;oad; neLQ; nropa ks;siug; Gfo;e;J ghbaJ.

nghd;dzp ahidj; njhd;Kjph; Ntsph;
Fg;ig ney;ypd; Kj;J}W je;j
nfhw;w ePd;Filf; nfhbj; Njh;r; nropa

- GwehD}W 24 khq;Fb kUjdhh; jiyahyhq;fhj;Jr; nrUntd;w neLQ;nropa ky;yiug; ghbaJ.

Nrho Nte;jd; - Nrhod; FsKw;Wj; JQ;rpa fps;sp tstd; ks;siu nts;isf;FB ehfdhh; jkpo; %nte;jUs;Sk; rpwe;j Nte;jh; vdg; ghbaJ.

kz;jpzp fplf;ifj; jz; jkpo;f; fpoth;
KuR Ko q;F jhid %tUs;Sk;
munrdg;gLtJ epdNj ngUk
MLfl; fUk;gpd; ntz;g+ Elq;Fk;;
ehnldg;gLtJ epdNj aj;ij> Mq;f
ehL nfO nry;tj;Jg; gPL nfO Nte;nj.

- GwehD}W 35> nts;isf; Fo ehfdhh;
fps;sp tstd; ks;siug; ghbaJ.

rhyp ney;ypd; rpiw nfhs; Ntyp
Mapuk; tpisAl;L Mf
fhtphp Guf;Fk; ehL fpoNthNd.

- nghUeh; Mw;Wg; gil thp 246 - 248 - fhpfhw; ngUtste;jhd; ks;siug; Gfo;e;J ghoaJ.

Nru Nte;jd; - Nrud; Nte;jd; ghiy ghoa ,sq;Nfh ks;siu VUila Nte;jd; vd;wJ.

tpz;nghUGfo; tpwy; tQ;rpg;
ghly; rhd;w tpwy; Nte;jDk;nk
ntg;Gila tuz; fle;J
Jk;GWth; Gwk; ngw;wprpNd
Gwk; ngw;w taNte;jd;
kwk; ghoa ghbdpAk;Nk
VUila tpOf; foQ;rpw;
rPUila tpiongw;wprpNd

-GwehD}W 11> Nga;kfs; ,sntapdp ghbaJ.

cOgilay;yJ NtW gilapy;iy
jpUtpy; my;yJ nfhiy tpy; mwpahh;
ehQ;rpy; my;yJ gilAk; mwpahh;.

(ehQ;rpy; - fyg;ig) - GwehD}W 20>
FWq;Nfhopa+h; fpohh; ghbaJ.

(Nru Nte;jh; ahidfl;Nra; khe;juQ; Nruy; ,Uk;nghiw ks;sh; gw;wp).

Nfus khepyk;> taehL gFjpapy; 2000 Mz;L goikahd vlf;fy; Fiff; fy;ntl;L NruNte;jd; tp~;Zth;kd; FLk;;gh; Fyj;jpdd; vdf; $WfpwJ. "tp~;Zth;kk; FLk;gpa Fy th;j;j e];a ypfpj".

,jd; nghUs; - tp~;Zth;kdpd; FLk;gk;; Fyk; tsu vOjpaJ vd;gjhFk;. FLk;gd; vd;gJ ks;sh;fspy; gl;lg; ngah;fspy; xd;whFk;.

Nte;jpu Fyj;jpdhpd; cah;T (Nte;jd; Fyj;jpdh;) ,e;j Nte;jh;fs; ks;sh; Fyj;jpdh; vd;gJ rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; gytw;wpYk; $wg;gLfpd;wd. Nte;jd; gpd; ehspy; ,e;jpud;> NjNte;jpud; vdg;gl;ljhy; ,th;fSk; - ,th;fspd; topj;Njhd;wy;fSk; NjNte;jpu Fyj;jpdh; vd;Wk; $wg;gLfpd;wdh;.

Nru> Nrho> ghz;bah;fs; Nte;jh;fs; vd;gijAk; mth;fs; ney; ehfhpfj;jpd; gz;ghl;Lj; jiyth;fs; vd;gijAk; ,yf;fpaq;fs; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,e;j ney; ehfhpfj;jpd; jiykf;fshfpa coth;fSk;>

ky;yh; Fyj;jpdUk; - NjNte;jpu Fyj;jpdUk; ,Ue;j rpwg;ig> Kjd;ikia fPo;tUk; ghly;fs; fhl;Lfpd;wd:

cz;b nfhLj;Njh Uaph;nfhLNjhNu
cz;b Kjw;Nw Aztpd; gpz;lk;
czntdg;gLtJ epyj;njhL ePNu

- GwehD}W - 18> FlGytpadhh; ghbaJ.

Rod;Wk; Vh;gpd;dJ cyfk; mjdhy;
coe;Jk; cont jiy

- Fws; 1031

coJz;L tho;thNu tho;th; kw;nwy;yhk;
njhOJz;L gpd; nry;gth;.

- Fws; 1033

kUj epy kf;fs; ks;sh;> coth;. fskh;. filQh;. tpidQh;> fisQh;> fk;gsh;> njhOth;. filrpah;> Mw;Wf;fhyhl;bah; vdg;gl;ldh;. coTj; njhopw; jiyahfpa njhopyhfthfTk; coth;fs; jiy kf;fshfTk; Nghw;wg;gl;ldh;. kd;dh;fSk; Nte;jh;fSk; ks;sh; vd;Wk; coth; vd;Wk; ngUikg; glf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;ldh;. gpw njhopy;fspy; cs;s rhjidahsh;fSk; coth;fshf Nkd;ikaile;jjhff; $wg;gl;ldh;. mjdhNyNa VUoth;> nrhy;nyUoth;> thnsUoth;> tpy;NyUoth; vd;w nrhw;nwhlh;fs; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; Msg;gl;ld. coth;> tPuh;> kd;dh; vd;w %d;W nrhw;fSf;Fk; nghUs;gLtjhf ks;sh; vd;w nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,k;%tUk; ks;sh; Fyj;jpduhjyhy; ks;sh; vd;gjw;F ,yf;fzkhf

mUe;jpwy; tPuh;f;Fk; ngUe;jpwy; coth;f;Fk;
tUe;jifj;jhFk; ks;sh; vd;Dk; ngah;

- vd;W jpthfu epfz;Lk;.

nrUkiy tPuUk; jpz;zpNahUk;
kUj epy kf;fSk; ks;sh; vd;g

- vd;W gpq;fy epfz;Lk; $Wfpd;wd.

ney; ehfhpfj;jpy; gz;ghl;Lj; jiyth;fs; kw;Wk; mth;fspd; Rw;Wj;jhh; jkJ nry;t tsj;jhYk; gil typikahYk; gpw epy kf;fSf;Fk; jiyth;fshf (,iwtdhf) ,Ue;jhh;f;s. ,jidj; njhy;fhg;gpak;.

khNahd; (jpUkhy;) Nka fhLiw (Ky;iy) cyfKk;
NrNahd; (KUfd;) Nka iktiu (FwpQ;rp) cyfKk;
Nte;jd; (NjNte;jpuh;) Nka jPk;Gdy; (kUjk;) cyfKk;
tUzd; Nka ngUkzy; (nea;jy;) cyfKk;

njhy;fhg;gpak; vd jpUkhy;> KUfd;> NjNte;jpuh;> tUzd; MfpNahh; KiwNa Ky;iy> FwpQ;rp> kUjk; kw;Wk; nea;jy; epyq;fSf;F ,iwth;fs; vdf;$Wk;. ghiy epy ,iwtp nfhw;wit MFk;.

,yf;fpaq;fs;> Guhzq;fs; ,e;jg; gz;ghl;Lj; jiyth;fspd; cwT Kiwfs; gw;wp njspthff; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. rptd; ks;sh;. nfhw;wit vdg;gLfpw ghh;tjp MfpNahhpd; Fkud; NrNahd; vd;gLfpw KUfd; MFk;. NjNte;jpuh; vdg;gLfpw Nte;jdpd; kfs; nja;tahidapd; fzth; NrNahd; ghh;tjpapd; rNfhjuh; khNahd; vdg;gLfpw jpUkhy; ks;sh; MFk;. tUzd; ks;sh; Nte;jd; vdg;gLfpw NjNte;jpuUf;Ff; fPo;gl;l xU jiytd;.

ks;sh; Fyj;jpdhpd;> NjNte;jpu Fyj;jpdhpd;> jkpohpd; ,e;j ney; ehfhpfk; jhd; gy fiyfisAk; gz;ghl;Lf; $WfisAk; Njhw;Wtpj;J Mjhpj;J tsh;j;J kf;fspilNa gug;gpAs;sJ. kdpj Fyj;jpd; tsh;r;rpf;Fk;> Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fk;> tsj;jpw;Fk; gz;ghl;L Nkyhz;ikf;Fk; fhuzkhf mike;Js;sJ.

ks;sh; - NjNte;jpu Fy Ntshsh; tsik - ney; Ntshz;ikf;F ,d;wpaikahj ePiu ,k;kf;fs; Ntz;l mth;fspd; ,iwtDk; khhpf; flTSkhd NjNte;jpuh; Nfhil fhyj;jpYk; nfhLg;ghh; vd;fpwhh; nghpa Guhz Mrphpah; Nrf;fpohh; ngUkhd;.

gps;is ijtug; ngUFghy; nrhhp Kiyj;jha;Nghy;
ks;sh; Ntdpypd; kzy; jplh; gpire;J iftUl
nts;s ePhpU kUq;Ffhy; tHp kpje; Njwpg;
gs;s ePs; tay; gUkil cilg;gJ ghyp.

- nghpaGuhzk;> jpUf;Fwpg;Gg; njhz;lh; ehahdhh; Guhzk;> ghly; 22.

,th; tpisj;Jf; Ftpj;j thdshtpa new;Fd;Wfs; kUj epyj;ijf; kiyfslh;e;j FwpQ;rp epykhff; fhl;baJ vd;fpwhh; ,d;ndhU ghlypy;.

iftpid ks;sh; thdq; fuf;f thf;fpa new; Fd;why;
nkha; tiu Ayfk; NghYk; kshpePh; kUj itg;G

- nghpaGuhzk;> - jpUehl;Lr; rpwg;G> ghly; 25

"Fd;Wilf; Fyks;sh;" vd;Dk; fk;gh; jkJ ,uhkhazj;jpy; ,th;fs; Nghh;f;fsj;jpy; gifth;fspd; jiyfis ntl;b tPo;j;jpaij coT> njhsp fyf;Fjy;> ehw;W Kbfisg; guTjy; Kjypa epfo;TfNshL xg;gpl;L $Wthh;.

neLk; gil ths; ehQ;rpy; cO epzr; Nrw;wpd;
cjpu ePh; epiwe;j fhg;gpd;
fLk; gfL gb fple;j fUk; gug;gpd;
,d ks;sh; gue;j ifapy;
fL q;fky kyh; ehWk; Kbgue;j
ngUq;fplf;ifg; gue;j gz;iz
jlk; gizapd; eWk; godk; jOtpaNj
vdg; nghypAk; jifAk; fhz;kpd;

- fk;guhkhazk;> thduh; fsk; - fhz; glyk;> nra;As; 25. godpr; nrg;Gg;gl;lak; fp.gp. 1528 (ks;sh; kyh; mf;Nlhgh; 1998 gf. 20 - 21)

,k;kf;fspd; Njhw;wk;; kw;Wk; tuyhW gw;wpf; $Wk;. cyf kf;fSf;F nre;ney; mKJ gilg;gjw;fhf rptDk; cikAk; ks;sh; vDk; NjNte;jpu Fy Ntshsh;fisg; gilj;jjhh;fs;. ,th;fs; ,g;g+kpapy; nre;ney; Njhw;Wtpj;jhh;fs; vd nrg;Gg;gl;lak; ngUikg;gl $Wk;.

nja;Nte;jpuh; tuyhW:

rptDAikAk; kjpWf; fhQ;rp jd;dpy;
Vfhk;guuh ,Ue;jUs; Ghpe;J
kJiuia Nehf;fp tUk; topajdpy;
cyfyhkPd;w cikats; kdjpy;
jpUtUs; Njhd;wp rptdplj;Jiuf;f
mud;kd kfpo;e;J KfkJ Nth;f;f
fukjpy; thq;fp tukJf;fpae;J
itifapy; tpLf;f
tUzd; nghope; JUopf; fhj;jbj;J
Fsf; fiuajdpy; nfhb ts;sy; jhq;f
Xkk; tsh;e;J cw;g;gzkhf
<~;thp Njb apUspy; elf;f
$tpa rj;jk; Fkuid Nehf;fp
thhpbaLj;J ts;siy tyGwk; itj;J
tykhh; gpa;e;J mKh;jk;
nghope;J m~;j;jk; nfhLf;f
ghyd; ehpT gzptpilf;fhf
Gue;jud; kfpo;e;J g+hpj;njLf;f

nja;Nte;jpud; md;dk; gilj;jy; :

fd;dy; nrd;dy; fjop gpyhTld;
njd;id fKF nrwe;j nts;spiy
md;d kpsF khe;Jspw; kQ;rs;
ky;ypif Ky;iy kfop Eth;r;rp
ghpks Rfe;jk; ghq;Fld; nfhz;L
nja;t rigia njhprpf;f ntd;W
fhuhtpd; ghiy fufj;jpNye;jp
rPwhf md;dk; rpwg;gpj;j NghJ

nja;Nte;jpud; tpUJfs; :

<~;tud; kfpo;e;J ,izKb jhpf;f
mkuh;fs; kfpo;e;J ,izKb jhpf;f
mkuh;fs; kfpo;e;J mjpraj; jpthFk;
tpkhpirahf tpUJ nfhLf;f
khyad; Uj;jpud; kNf~;gud; kfpo;e;J
nghd;Kb ajdpy; g+rd kzpa
thlhj khiy khh;gpdp ypyq;f
ntl;Lg; ghthilfs; tPizfs; Koq;f
nre;ney; Nrwhb rpwg;Gld; #o
nts;isf; FilAk; ntq;fspWlNd
lhYlk;khd rj;jk; mjwpl
kj;jhsk; ifj;jhkk; knf~;guj; Jlnd
vy;yh tpUJk; ,ay;Gld; nfhz;L
nja;t rigia njhprdk; nra;J
gjpndl; lhAjk; ghq;Fl ndLj;J
GutpapNywp g+Nyhf kjdpy;
nrd;dyh naq;Fk; rpw;g;gpf;Fk; NghJ
tpRt fz;zhsh; NkopAk; nfhLf;f
%tuhrhf;fs; Kbkzk; #l;l
nre;ney;iy gilj;Njhh;
FfNtyUshy; FLk;gd; jiof;f
rptdushNy jpUePwzpe;J
na;yyh TyFk; apwtpAs; ssTk;
njs;spik ahj nre;neiy gilj;Njhh;
Nrj;Jf;fhy;r; nry;tuhd
nre; ney; Kb fhtuyhd
Kj;jsf;Fk; ifahjpguhd
ghz;bad; gz;lhd ghwjfjguhd
msT ifapl;ltuhd
%d;W iff;Filahjpguhd
gQ;r fyrk; ghq;Fld; tapj;J
mQ;rypj; Njth;Fk; md;dk; gilj;jtuhd
kz;iz ntl;bf; nfhz;L kiy jfj;jtuhd
fly; fyq;fpDk; kdq; fyq;fhj ty;yguhd
khlf; Fsj;jpy; te;Jjpj;jtwhd
gukrptDf;F ghj gzptpil nra;fpd;wtuhd
nja;tNyhfj;jpy; nja;Nte;jpud; gps;isfshfpa
godpj; jyj;jpy; fhzpahsdhfpa

nfhq;Fg; gs;shpy; godpg; gz;zhb - godpg; gl;lak;> thp 195 - 217

ney; ehfhpfj;jpd;> ney;ypd; kf;fshfpa ks;sh;fSk; mth;fSila gz;ghl;Lj; jiyth;fSkhfpa (Nte;jd;) NjNte;jpuh;> KUfd;> ks;sh;> jpUkhy; ks;sh;> rptd; ks;sh;> ghh;tjp> Nru Nte;jh;> Nrho Nte;jh;> ghz;ba Nte;jUk; midj;Jf; jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspYk; gythW Gfo;e;J Ngrg;gLthh;fs;. rq;f fhyj; jopo; ,yf;fpaq;fpaq;fs; njhlq;fp ,d;W tiu ,yf;fpaq;fspy; Ngrg;gLk; ney;ypd; kf;fshfpa ks;sh; vd;Dk; NjNte;jpu Fy Ntshsh;fspd; gz;ghl;L Nkyhz;ik> jkpH; tsh;r;rpf;Fk; jkpoh; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fk; mth;fs; Mw;wpa gq;fspg;G msg;ghpaJ. KOikahdJ.

rq;f fhyk; njhl;L nrd;w E}w;whz;L tiu ,aw;wg;gl;l midj;Jj; jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fSk; ,e;j NjNte;jpu ks;sh;fspd; Gfo; ghLk;. ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ehl;L tsk; vd;Dk; glyk; ney; ehfhpfj;jpd; Nkd;ikiaAk; mk;kf;fspd; rpw;gigAk; $Wk;. Vh; kq;fyk;> thd; kq;fyk;> ths; (fyg;igapy; cs;s nfhOT) kq;fyk; coj;jpg;ghl;L Kjypad murh;fSf;F ,izahf ,k;kf;fspd; rpwg;ig cah;j;jpg; ghLk;. murh;fspd; ,e;ney; ehfhpfj;jpd; jiyth;fs; vd;gij epidtpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

,e;ney; ehfhpfj;jpidj; Njhw;Wtpj;j kf;fspd; jw;Nghija ngah;fshd ks;sh;> gs;sh;> NjNte;jpuh;> NjNte;jpu Fyj;jhh;> NjNte;jpu Fy Ntshsh;> gz;zhb> fhyhb> FLk;gd;> Filah;> mjpfhhp> FLk;gdhh;> %g;gdhh;> gzpf;fh;> tha;;fhuh; (tha; - ePh;tUk; tha;> kjF)> Fsj;J ks;sh; Kjypa ngah;fSf;Fk; jw;NghJk; ,k;kf;fSila Kjd;ikj; njhopy; eQ;nra; tptrhak; vd;gJTk; ney; ehfhpfj;jpd; njhd;ikAk; njhlh;r;rpiaAk; ,e;ehfhpfj;jpd; gq;fspg;igAk; czu KbAk;.

jkpo; ks;sh;fspd; ,e;ney; ehfhpfk; ,e;jpah KOtjpYk; ,yq;if> jha;yhe;J> tpal;ehk;> kpahd;kh; (gh;kh)> ghfp];jhd;> rPdh> rg;ghd;> ,e;NjhNdrpah> kNyrpah> fk;Nghbah> gq;fhs Njrk;> gpypg;igd;]; Kjypa njd;fpof;F Mrpa ehLfs; KOtjpYk; gutpAs;sJ> ,jd; rpwg;igAk; ,d;wpaikahikiaAk; czh;j;Jfpd;wJ.